2026-09-18T09:54:05Zhttps://userhub.com.bd/oai-pmh/

oai:userhub.com.bd:125062025-07-16

WCAG 2.1 Audit of Bangladeshi E-Government Accessibility: A Maturity Model for Digital Inclusion Wahid bin Ahsan Samia Bari Tanim Ahamed Md. Shahadat Hossain Md. Shamsul Arifin Md. Osman Gani M. H. Taohid Academic Writing AI Ethics AI Literacy bangladesh ChatGPT Digital Divide educational technology Featured Gemini Global South higher education Human-computer Interaction This study audits 47 Bangladeshi government e-services across 74 websites, evaluating 1,534 user-critical pages for WCAG 2.1 compliance using automated and manual methods. A total of 14,308 violations were identified, primarily affecting screen reader, keyboard-only, and low-vision users. Common issues included missing form labels (23.6%), contrast failures (15.0%), and structural errors. Violations were most concentrated in education, social protection, and civil registration services. The proposed Accessibility Maturity Model classifies 51.1% of services as Beginner-tier, accounting for nearly 98% of issues. Findings highlight critical accessibility gaps and call for targeted remediation, training, and enforcement aligned with Bangladesh’s 2022 accessibility guideline. Userhub Userhub Journal 2025-07-16 info:eu-repo/semantics/article application/pdf https://doi.org/10.58947/journal.pbxk45 https://userhub.com.bd/publications/wcag-2-1-audit-of-bangladeshi-e-government-accessibility-a-maturity-model-for-digital-inclusion/ info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ https://userhub.com.bd/download/report/WCAG-2.1-Audit-Bangladeshi-E-Government-Accessibility-Maturity-Model.pdf en